Separate ordinary bicycle maintenance from electrical, battery, motor, firmware, and manufacturer-specific e-bike work.
What is still bicycle maintenance
Tires, many mechanical drivetrain parts, some brake work, fastener checks, cleaning, and general inspection can resemble conventional bicycle maintenance—subject to the actual component instructions.
Work from observation rather than assumption: identify the exact component or symptom, consult the relevant specification when one exists, and verify the result before returning the bicycle to normal use.
Where the boundary changes
Battery packs, chargers, motors, wiring, firmware, sensors, and proprietary electrical systems introduce electrical and fire risks plus manufacturer-specific requirements.
Work from observation rather than assumption: identify the exact component or symptom, consult the relevant specification when one exists, and verify the result before returning the bicycle to normal use.
Do not improvise with batteries
Do not open, modify, repair, bypass, or substitute components in a lithium-ion battery system unless the manufacturer explicitly provides a qualified procedure for you to perform.
Work from observation rather than assumption: identify the exact component or symptom, consult the relevant specification when one exists, and verify the result before returning the bicycle to normal use.
Use the correct support path
For electrical faults, battery damage, error codes, or proprietary drive-system issues, use the bike/drive-system manufacturer's documentation and an appropriately qualified service provider.
Work from observation rather than assumption: identify the exact component or symptom, consult the relevant specification when one exists, and verify the result before returning the bicycle to normal use.